A Review of Mathematical Models for Muscular Dystrophy: A Systems Biology Approach

Muscular dystrophy (MD) describes generalized progressive muscular weakness due to the wasting of muscle fibers. While this is an umbrella term used to describe a wide range of muscle wasting diseases, the two types that have been most extensively mathematically modeled are Duchenne’s (DMD) and Becker’s (BMD), with DMD being the most common childhood form of MD. Developing mathematical models to understand and treat MD involves the integration of previously established immunological and mechanical representations of these factors that bolster disease progression. This article reviews these mathematical models and examines key molecular and cellular perspectives to better understand MD’s pathogenesis and subsequent progression. Molecular factors that contribute to MD include mitochondrial and genetic components; both drive cellular metabolism, communication and signaling. Furthermore, these molecular factors leave cells vulnerable to mechanical stress which can activate an immunological cascade that can weaken cells and surrounding tissues. This review article provides an essential, brief, biological background for mechanisms modeled. Given the application of developed immunological and molecular models to a wider variety of neurodegenerative diseases linked by related mitochondrial and genetic deficits, understanding and modeling MD is highly applicable.